Our cruise itinerary included both Hiroshima and Nagasaki. We opted for scenic beauty in Hiroshima but were ready for history in Nagasaki. Growing up, the names Hiroshima and Nagasaki were almost mythical – the places where the atomic bombs were dropped, ending World War II. It was a history I knew in textbooks, but experiencing it in person was something else entirely.
Both cities are now vibrant and bustling, having recovered from total destruction 80 years ago. The way they portray their atomic history is a powerful plea for peace. The message is clear: "The best way to prevent future use of Atomic bombs is to make sure that people know the real effects they had." And after our visit, that sentiment resonated deeply.
For so long, I, like many, believed the decision to drop those bombs must have been gut-wrenching, but was ultimately necessary to end the war. I remember an exhibit at the Truman Presidential Library hinting that Japan might have been on the verge of surrender anyway, a horrible thought that would mean we committed a massacre without any moral imperitive. But my recent dive into Garrett M. Graff’s book, The Devil Reached Toward the Sky, has given me an even more nuanced perspective.
The book sheds light on the unprecedented collaboration between science, industry, and government that birthed the atomic bomb. A collaboration that was born of the fear that Hitler would get there first. It was fascinating to learn that Hanford, Washington, where we produced plutonium, is now a major cleanup site, likely radioactive for generations. Another startling fact: the firebombing of Tokyo killed more people in one night than the bomb dropped on Hiroshima, yet Japan was far from surrendering then. Even after the bomb dropped on Hiroshima, they wouldn't surrender. And contrary to the agonizing decision I always imagined, Truman apparently had no doubts and simply couldn't wait till the bomb was ready.
Ultimately, after all this, it does seem very likely that the bomb was necessary and did save countless American and Japanese lives by bringing the war to a swift close. But what we didn't understand at the time were the horrific, long-term effects of radiation poisoning – the deaths and tortured lives that continued for years after. That knowledge alone makes it undeniably clear: a nuclear weapon must never be used again. Yet, the odds are against us with thousands of nuclear warheads at the ready around the world. And now we have Hydrogen bombs, which are hundreds, even thousands of times more powerful than what was exploded over Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Atomic Bomb Museum and Peace Park
Our tour of Nagasaki took us through the Bomb Museum, where we saw a replica of the "Fat Man" bomb and exhibits documenting the suffering that resulted. Then, we moved on to the Peace Park, standing at the obelisk marking the hypocenter of the blast. It was incredibly sobering to be in that spot, imagining the unimaginable.
Later that evening, as the sun began to set, we walked up a hill from our ship to Glover's House and Garden. It was beautiful, with a collection of historic Western-style homes and lush gardens. We found an outdoor cafe and had dinner, with a stunning view of our ship below, its lights twinkling like jewels.
I wondered how these buildings survived when the bombing of Nagasaki obliterated most of the city. Come to find out, the position of some hills and the direction of the wind on that day spared them.
Recovery and Growth
As tragic as the story is about the bombings, the silver lining is how the countries recovered. Both Germany and Japan are now some of the best economies and thriving societies in the world. American occupation of Japan is huge success story. As the winners in the war, America was incredibly magnanimous in helping the rebuilding efforts. The Marshall plan in Europe is, I think, the best example of being a good winner. To see the relative successes of each country, I love this video on YouTube that shows the GDP of the top 10 countries from 1900 to 2021. USA has always been on the top. China was not even on the list for many of these years, but the last 10 years sees it steadily climbing and set to challenge the US #1 position. Both Japan and Germany rose significantly after WWII to become #2 and #3 for several years.
Responsibility
One footnote I want to add. I heard some people saying that some of the Japanese people they met on Hiroshima tour would say "We're sorry" while remembering the bombing. What? The Japanese are sorry? They were the ones who were bombed! What are they sorry for? ... Oh yea ... it was Japan that started it, it was Japan that commited their own atrocities, and it was Japan who would not surrender even after all their major cities were fire-bombed and the "Potsdam Declaration" was issued telling Japan to surrender or be destroyed by these new weapons. Maybe even they believe it was necessary to drop the bomb to end the war? Given what I heard, I expected to see or hear some similar sentiments on our Nagasaki tour. Some acceptance of responsibility for what happened. There was no such sentiment on display. I understand that the museum's purpose is to focus on the effects of the bombing. Still it was disturbing to see a timeline of 1935-45, with this one line: "1941: War breaks out in the Pacific" - as if it just happened all on its own.
Japanese governments have indeed issued several official apologies for their war crimes and other actions during the Imperial era. The most notable is the Murayama Statement made in 1995 on the 50th anniversary of the end of WWII.